Motivational factors affecting the academic performance of the students Essay

A research proposal submitted to Ms. Azelle Charese Agdon. Instructor, Department of Economics Cavite State University Imus City, Cavite. In partial fulfilment of the requirement for subject DCEE 28, Methods of Research Bachelor of Science in Office Administration INTRODUCTION Motivation is a process of satisfying students different needs and expectations, therefore, Administrators have to be aware of and analysis those unique, individual’s needs. Administrators have the difficult task of how they can improve the performance of the students. They have to increase students attention towards their goals and direct their behavior. It is important to know to motivate the students in their academic performance, because it will affect their learning’s, setting goals and to be successful in their chosen field. Many students have their own ways on how they can motivate their selves to perform well. Now a day, there are many factors affecting the performance of the students. The Cavite State University it’s humble beginning in 1906 as the Indang Intermediate School with the American Thomasites as the first teachers. Several transformations in the name of the School took place. In 1918- Indang Farm School. In 1927- Indang Rural High School and then to Don SeverinoNational Agriculture School in 1958. The name Don Severino is in honor of Don Severino De las Alas who was then the Secretary of interior in the Aguinaldo revolutionary government. Don Severino donated a tract of land for use as fuel feed laboratory by the School. In the first semester of S.Y 2003-2004 Cavite State University opened a branch campus in Imus, Cavite. The Trece Martires Campus was established through the memorandum of Agreement (MOA) signed on May 15, 2005 to start offering courses on the first semester of school year 2005-2006. In the first semester of school year 2006-2007, Cavite State University opened a branch Campus in Silang cavite. At present the whole Cavite State University system has ten campuses in different municipalities of Cavite with a total of 18,563 registered students as to its population. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This research aimed to determine the motivational factors affecting the academic performance of the students in Cavite State University- Imus Campus. 1. What is the students profile in terms of? Age Programmed enrolled Year Enrollment Status 2. What is the academic performance of the students in terms of Grade Point Average (GPA) last semester (2nd semester of School Year 2013-2014) ? 3. What is the factors that most affecting the academic performance of the students? Importance of the Study The information and data gathered to this research which were beneficial to the Students, for them to know how this study helped to motivate and also give them knowledge about these factors can truly affect their academic performance. To the Instructor, this research helped them to know how they can motivate their students. Lastly, to the future researchers, this will serve as a guide and give them an idea to their future research. Objectives of the Study Generally, the research conducted to determine and analyze the motivational factors that affecting the academic performance of the students in Cavite State University- Imus Campus. Specifically it aimed; To know the profile of the students in terms of: Age Gender Program enrolled/Year & section Status To know their Grade Point average (GPA) last semester (2nd of School Year 2013- 2014). To identify what are the motivational factors can affect most the academic performance of the students. Conceptual Framework Figure 1. Factors affect the Academic Performance This figure shows that factors have a big effect to the student for them to increase their academic performance. The factors are very important because it will lead you to achieve such goals in life and to be successful in future. In increasing student academic performance, they must have their own ways how they can motivate their selves or what can motivate them. In every success, there is a factor on it. Whenever it’s a simple motivation, it always helped them to get what they want. In students, motivation has a big factor on how they increased the academic performance or excel at the school. Also the teachers and instructors must have their ways how they can motivate the students. Time and Place of the Study The idea of the research entitled â€Å"Motivational Factors affecting the academic performance of the students in Cavite State University- Imus Campus† when the researchers observed the students and think about how or what factors may affect to increase their academic performance. The study started on August 2014 and ended on September 2014 covering the Cavite State University Imus Campus, Palico IV Imus City Cavite. Scope and Limitation This research covered the motivational factors affecting the academic performance of the students of Cavite State University Imus Campus. This study intends to know what or how the students truly motivate these factors. The researchers also collected some important data from the school to further access this matter. Finally, they conduct a survey to the students to gather data in order to them to get a result to this study. Definition of Terms Motivation – the act or process of giving someone a reason for doing something, condition of being eager to act or work. Factors – the influences that contributes to the result or outcomes. Skills – the ability to do something that comes from training experiences or practice. Cavite State University – A place were the primary concern of the researcher. Goals – Something that you are trying to do or achieve. Enrollment Status – the status of the student whether they are â€Å"regular or irregular†.

Impact Of Technology Medical Field Health And Social Care Essay

Medical engineering in a wide manner has frequently been used to mention to the equipments, processs, and procedures by which medical services are delivered. This encompasses disease diagnosing, monitoring of disease conditions and intervention, with an purpose of bettering the quality of health care delivered and patient results, by timely diagnosing, efficient intervention and usage of less invasive sawboness. Healthcare expenditures remain an of import portion of national merchandises of developed states. Medical practicians are faced with high outlooks on healthcare public presentation among citizens due to additions awareness on wellness related jobs, high life anticipation and emphases put on care of high quality of medical services. The high incidences of disease complications and chronic conditions due to the alterations of life styles have fueled the medical field the recent health care inventions. These outlooks propel the field to computing machine applications. Technologi cal progresss have intensified since the 1980s. This has revolutionized the medical field. The rate of alteration is that the medical professionals are holding a job get bying with the alteration. This alteration has come in signifier of practical physicians, computing machine aided operations, usage of root cells, testing engineerings, Computerized Tomography scanner, Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique, usage of Ultra sound, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator, usage of Capsule Endoscopy, Robotic Surgical System, Circulatory aid devices and biomedical technology. With the increased cyberspace use, the medical professionals are set uping what can be referred to as practical infirmaries. These are cyberspace based infirmaries where patient ‘s demands are attended to online. The patient or the individual taking attention of the patient electronic mail the physician via cyberspace and the physician, after reexamining the instance advises the patient consequently. This engineering has produced a new harvest of physicians referred to as cyberspace physicians. An illustration of such is the World Clinic at Lahey Clinic Center near Boston started by Dr. Daniel Carlin. The Clinic serves clients from around the Earth among them crewmans, concern executives and tourers. The clinic has been able to use nine physicians within a period of three old ages of being, a testimony to the popularity of the thought ( Gorman 2001 ) . Promotion of engineering has besides brought about Intensification of engineering convergence which involves sharing of medical information, between medical practicians, medical devices and information webs has been the modern tendency impacting health care ( ZieliA„ski 2005 ) . Usually engineering convergence includes the sharing of patients present and past medical information, critical marks, clinical research lab consequences, patient dismaies, prescribed and implemented interventions, and perchance the patient organic structure response. This is adopted by medical professionals to entree information about the patient. The systems can be used in hospital charge sections, researches, and for measuring the clinical effectivity of recommended interventions. The possible benefits are workflow cyclosis, seamless recording and sharing of information, and an overall patient attention betterment. A uniformly presented patient informations have resulted to better clinical determinat ion devising and designation of clinical complaints while they are still manageable. Use of tissue root cells is another technological discovery that has had a enormous consequence on the medical field. Tissue root cells besides known as grownup root cells are regenerative cells of the human organic structure that possess the ability to specialise and develop into other tissues of the organic structure. Get downing in an unspecialised and undeveloped province, these cells can be coaxed to go bosom tissue, tegument cells and many other tissues ( Shi & A ; Singh 2008 ) . The cells are found in human organic structure variety meats and tissues such fat, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, placenta, neural beginnings and olfactive tissues. Stem cell engineering has made a great alteration in the medical field in that diseased or damaged tissues can now go healthy and robust through the extract of such cells. Doctors have utilized root cells in intervention of autoimmune diseases such as multiple induration, arthritic arthritis and Crohn ‘s disease ( Shi & A ; Singh 2008 ) . Technology has besides brought alterations in surgery in signifier of the less invasive surgery which is now preferred as the surgical attack for many diseases, including malignant neoplastic disease and bosom disease. It is chiefly done on outpatients and merely on an nightlong stay in infirmary ( Scuderi 2009 ) . Less invasive processs are performed through one or more short scratchs unlike unfastened surgery that requires long scratchs. The procedure is less painful with less postoperative hurting on the patient. Through the less invasive surgery there is an overall better result with faster recovery and a shorter infirmary stay. Even though laparoscopic techniques vary, sawboness insert long thin tubing with a lighted camera at its tip, through the scratch. Two dimension images are sent from the camera at the surgical site, to a high definition proctor throughout the operation, and are watched by the sawbones. Screening is the probe of symptomless persons to observe those with a high chance of developing or holding a given complication. Diseases that present a important wellness job are identified by testing and countervail the cost of incommodiousness and farther complications every bit good as possible injuries. The purpose of showing is to extinguish or detain decease from diseases. With prevalence of chest malignant neoplastic disease staying high it is estimated that mortality from chest malignant neoplastic disease in United States is 40 000 adult females. Breast malignant neoplastic disease testing utilizing screen-film mammography is used ( Bassett 2005 ) . The mammography testing involves exposure to radiations. Its value is in assisting salvage lives by early sensing. Diagnostic free adult females are exposed to x-ray. In such operations high proficient quality images are produced and competent image readings is done for successful results. Computerized Tomography scanner uses X raies and a computing machine to do images of variety meats inside the organic structure. It takes images of cross subdivision of the organic structure organs. At times the patient is asked to imbibe a particular liquid or injected with a particular x-ray dye. A CT scanner has a unit of ammunition Centre gap and a level bed to lie on. While lying on the bed, it easy moves to the gap where images are taken under the CT staff control. The benefits are that inside informations of parts inside the organic structure such as lungs and blood vass are obtained without utilizing surgery. The CT scans uses radiations that are accurate, fast, and painless and leave no radiations after the scan is finished. Positron Emission Tomography a organic structure scanning method that detects radioactive substances injected into the organic structure. It is used to supply information on map and assist distinguish normal tissue from malignant neoplastic disease, instead that information on construction. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique has been used chiefly to bring forth high quality images of the inside human organic structure constructions in medical scenes. It produces elaborate images of variety meats and tissues throughout the organic structure without the demand of X raies. Images of ocular equivalent of an anatomy piece utilizing wireless frequences, a computing machine and a big magnet that surrounds the patient. An MRI is painless and the magnetic Fieldss produce no known sorts of tissue harm Nuclear medical specialty diagnosis technique is a technique that uses minimum sums of radioactive stuffs that are introduced into the organic structure. When these arterials are introduced into the organic structure hey are taken up by specific variety meats, tissues or castanetss, the emanations generated provide important information on a peculiar disease of malignant neoplastic disease. Since the information given describes organ map and non merely construction many diseases including malignant neoplastic disease are detected early. The other medical technique is the usage of Ultra sound. This incorporates the usage of high -frequency sound moving ridges and their reverberations. The technique has a close comparing with the echo sounding used by giants, mahimahi and chiropterans. These machines are portable and they display the strengths and distances of the reverberations produced on the screen, organizing a two dimension image. Some images can even be formed without utilizing radiations particularly in OBs and gynaecology besides in cardiology and urogenital medicine. The technological invention of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator is an astonishing experience that literally brings patients back from the threshold of decease. It ‘s a device that is of the size of a beeper that monitors the bosom rate ( Liem 2001 ) . It utilizes batteries to direct electric signals to a bosom that ‘s crushing excessively slow or reconstruct unnatural pulse to a bosom that is crushing much to fast or chaotically. The cardiac defibrillation is a preventative intervention in selected patients at high cardiac decease hazard caused by Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias. Basically, for people with a bad bosom beat job, a defibrillator is implanted near the neckband bone, under the tegument at the thorax and wires run to the bosom. When the bosom rate is non normal, it tries to return the pulse back to normal. Abnormality occurs either when the pulse is excessively slow, and it works as a pacesetter and sends bantam electrical signals to the bosom, or w hen the pulse is helter-skelter or excessively fast, it generates defibrillation dazes to collar the unnatural beat. In the twelvemonth 2000 physicians from England reported the usage of Capsule Endoscopy to find the causes of little intestine hemorrhage ( Classen 2010 ) . The capsule has a battery with 6 hr lifetime, a strong visible radiation beginning, a camera and a sender. After get downing of the capsule, it transmits images of the interior of the gorge, tummy and little bowel to a receiving system worn as a belt by the patient. The receiving system is returned to the physician after 6 hours, who loads the information into computing machine and reexamine it, to observe GI abnormalcies. The capsule is passed out through the colon and eliminated in the stool. However if the capsule acquire stuck in the little bowel, surgical remotion is undertaken ( Collins 2008 ) . So far the capsule is considered safe and easy to take since merely rare instances of side effects have been reported. The promotion has been used to research the tight twisted countries of the little bowel, which traditional invasi ve tube-and-lens endoscopes can non make. While congestive bosom failure remains a taking cause of cardiac disablement and decease, promotion of pharmacologic therapies is guaranting that patients are populating longer and more productive lives. Circulatory assist devices have been used for the direction of patients with bosom complaints where the intercessions have failed. In 1982 an unreal bosom was implanted into Barney Clark ( Bankston 2002 ) . Although he merely survived for 112days, subsequently a figure of experimental devices were implanted throughout the universe. It has led to intervention solutions for terminal bosom diseases ; heart specialists have overcome organ rejections and enhanced drawn-out endurance rates of transplant patients. The unreal bosom consists of a hydraulic pump, an internal battery, an external battery and an internal accountant unit. In the military medical aid, the Robotic Surgical System has been used to handle a hurt soldier in the battleground utilizing advanced diagnostic and operated machines from distant location. The automaton carries out bids of a sawbones that controls the procedures ; otherwise the automaton can non execute the surgery by itself. The physician receives a picture eating from the automaton and utilizes a system of surgical operators to execute the operations. His actions and voice bids are communicated wirelessly to the machine-controlled system as he moves his custodies in operators ; the automaton so replicates his actions. Besides due to parade in battlegrounds that loose their custodies and weaponries there is a plan that is underway to revolutionise upper organic structure prosthetics. This is being researched on to develop improved unreal weaponries that would execute like existent weaponries controlled by the cardinal nervous system. On the converse what was ab initio an art of lovingness and compassion, has clearly become a scientific discipline of medical specialty and positions disease as licking. More involvement is made on the technological promotion and disease but non the single being treated.The life prolonging machines has lead to the modern phenomenon of deceasing when machines are shut off. Dehumanization by engineering is good exhibited during the decease of a patient ; he is surrounded by machines and impersonal systems in intensive attention units instead than their families at place. Professionalism in the medical attention has been characterized by a turning withdrawal from the alone concerns of single patients and a loss personal relationship to the patients. Health workers no longer associate to the full to patients as other persons but as representatives of professions and healthcare organisations. The trefoils have become more bureaucratic and impersonal. As a consequence of this there has ari sen the inequality between those in demand of medical aid and those with the capableness of reacting to the demand. Although great progresss in the medical field have added value to the human life, this impersonal quality of attention coupled with the inequality has led to turning misgiving and a feeling of dehumanisation by the patients. The electronics industry has incorporated the biomedical technology in research development of instruments ; design and alteration of contraptions to relieve hurting extend life and reconstruct wellness. Biomedical applied scientists spend tonss of clip planing electrical circuits and computing machine package for medical instruments Progresss in medical engineering have big benefits in health care. These technological progresss besides raise healthcare outgo significantly ( Moody 2006 ) . To run the machines, great professionalism and old ages of expertness is required doing the cost of such services rise by a great border. The research and experimentation before the engineering is authenticated, requires pecuniary investing that finally must be recovered and the much required work force compensated. Particularly for the inventions that their use does non distribute to the full population, in the long tally services become about beyond range. Globally the cost of intervention has risen with technological development. The benefits gained have outweighed the extra cost of health care services. The desire to happen better ways to handle patients as they compete with other suppliers have motivated the involvement to make new merchandises and for a clearer apprehension of human organic structure anatomy and physiolog y. The handiness of high engineering diagnosing and engineering has led to a better quality of life. In the medical field there has been a more elaborate apprehension of disease pathogenesis and organic structure physiology. By such acquisition, diseases that antecedently were termed as untreatable and accounted for high mortalities in human populations, have been favourably been combated. Ailments that are symptomless can be detected early plenty before the down the organic structure functionality, and its defence mechanisms. Although the cost of intervention gave gone up, more resources are saved due to cut downing the devastation on organic structure variety meats and tissues, and besides human resources lost while patient are in weak conditions for a long clip. Many patients view new medical innovations as the replies to their health care jobs. There is ever room for medical innovations, as every twenty-four hours dawns diseases and particularly malignant neoplastic disease cells re quire more understanding and more effectual interventions. There are much more medical technological promotion that have been made including, birth controls, birthrate aid utilizing trial tubing babes, that have relieved twosomes of their psychological and physiological emphasiss. The measure that remains is to give more attempt to doing the current engineering accessible.

Marx long ago wrote that philosophers

One of most controversial socio-political ideas, which advocators of social change want to incorporate within the context of society, is egalitarianism. Egalitarianism aims to ensure that equality is being observed among men. Equality is viewed in egalitarian stance, in the sense that each individual must be treated equally and fairly wherein economic opportunities are available to all and wealth is distributed evenly. Hence, egalitarianism presupposes that each individual should have an equal social worth and moral status. John Locke posits the basic tenets of egalitarianism, which explicitly state that the validation of our natural rights will lead to the realization of social change. First, each individual has the right to do everything she chooses; in so far that he/she will not infringe other’s rights, in forms of fraud, force, violence, and the likes. Second, each individual has the right to ensure his/her safety, except if she gave up this right or transfer to others or to the government. And most importantly, each and everyone is the owner of themselves and all infants must be nurtured properly until they reach their adulthood by those who biologically create them. Thus, Locke’s concept of egalitarianism is focus on self-ownership. In this milieu, we can infer that egalitarianism proposed by Locke is geared towards social change because even if it gives so much stress on self-ownership, it can never denied that the validation of one’s natural rights is the primary step for equality among men, which happens to be the epicenter of man’s struggle.   Justice is served when there is equality. The basic drive of egalitarianism springs from the contrast between the claim of every human being to an equal status, in respect simply of our common humanity, and the inequality of income and wealth. That equality of status is expressed in our notion of rights inherent in every human being, by reason only of his or her sentient existence. We speak of ‘human rights’, and expect them to be recognized in every land, whatever the structure of its society or the policy of its government, simply because the inhabitants are human beings as are we. Every person who shares with us the experience of voyaging on this planet between birth and death is in like case with us, and in some respects is entitled to an equal consideration. Those respects appear in civic rights, such as free speech, access to justice, the vote, and protection of property. They appear also where duties are imposed, such as conscription, or jury service; even taxation is required to lay an equal burden on households' ability to pay. In all these and other respects, we feel it wrong to accord or deny rights to people according to their parentage, their abilities, their attainments and even (except in extreme cases) their conduct. Increasingly in recent years it has been held that we should make no distinction by gender. We rate the standing of a country in the scale of civilization by the extent to which it observes these rights. Yet even where they are observed most fully, and the people pride themselves on their civic equality, they are divided from one another by great differences in their income and wealth, with all the consequent differences in their way of life. The spirit of humanity works in one way, the market economy in quite another. To many people who look for no revolutionary change, this disparity is shocking. Contrariwise, egalitarianism for Karl Marx is necessary for as long as it is construed that capitalism is eliminated altogether, in which the existence of inequalities among men in the arena of economic market will not be ruled by capitalist establishments. Marx argues that it is permissible to distribute economic goods based on the criterion emphasized by norms, and not by capitalists. Norm is the basis for equal rights because people will not be exploited since the economic earnings that a person will be getting is justified by his/her labor contribution, or as the catchphrase, â€Å"to each according to his contribution†.[1] But since this kind of reasoning is still problematic, Marx posits that this will only be a stepping stone, until a society reaches a higher communist status wherein the law will be â€Å"to each according to his needs†.   Marx furthers that a society, in order to acquire a just society, must not equate norms to any moral principle because incorporating such concept emanates an attitude of enforcement. If Locke claims that self-ownership is the key in actualizing egalitarian perspective, Marx, on the one hand, construes that is the realization of a utopian society. Self-ownership is lacking for Marx because a person is still vulnerable to any kind of exploitations, especially in economic market and labor, wherein those who cannot claim their self will be left to be exploited. He postulates that exploitation (in terms of labor, economic distribution, etc.) will only be annihilated if the society will reach its utopian status because for this status to be realized, it is a principal prerequisite that every member of a society participates in a societal operation that gives value to one’s ability, and with regards to what the individual can contribute in that society it should not be attacked by any prejudices and biases. Everyone is equal even if there is a diversity of abilities or contributions. If equality exists within one’s society, then social change is achievable. It must be noted that social change asks for the re-landscaping of society’s status quo. And in present times, the distribution of wealth and equal opportunities is of major concern. Reference: Henry, B. P. (1991). Egalitarianism and the Generation of Inequality (Reprint ed.): Oxford University Press, USA. [1] Henry, B.P. Egalitarianism and the Generation of Inequality. Oxford Univ. Press, p. 122.

Economics Article Commentary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics Article Commentary - Essay Example The author compares East Asian markets like South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore which have grown under the control of their respective governments. Even the US markets which promote free trade have some participation of the government. Market liberalisation has resulted in adverse effects on the poor in the developing countries. In such countries, agriculture is the main occupation of majority of population. Agriculture sector allows the import of cheap products in the local markets. Small scale farmers of the developing countries like Ghana, Kenya are not able to sell their produce in their own countries and have to pay more for the farm needs. Free trade gives far more powers to the traders outside the country who make sure that in addition to the cheaper imports of their own products, exports of the country are bought at cheaper prices which eventually hits the local agriculture sector. This results in the exploitation of the poor farmers. Small scale farmers are losing their lands to richer sections of the society. Liberalisation is forcing gender inequality and unemployment. Market liberalisation is also affecting the environment. Earlier crops were grown according to soil types and climate. There was a vast diversity of the crops grown all round the year and in different regions. While now the concentration is on the growth of the cash crops fit for the export. Crops that are suitable for export are grown on a large scale affecting the environment conditions resulting from soil degradation and extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. As government does not interfere, all the support offered by the government to the small scale farmers is also lost such as subsidies, agricultural research, price control and so on. Free trade also hampers the self-sufficiency of a nation on its own production. Traders establish monopoly in the local markets.For overcoming this problem, governments should have selective intervention in the markets. As mentioned earlier East Asian markets like South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore have benefited from the participation of government in controlling and managing the markets. Government decides the policies and restrictions such as investment tariffs and various taxes to be imposed on the foreign trade in order to protect the domestic trade and attain maximum benefit from the international commerce. Governments tend to maintain price stability and balanced growth keeping in mind the interests of every section of the society. Some of the steps the governments can take are: open an d fund government banks, promote savings, subsidised credit for the industries, investment in technological developments, promotion of export and protection from imports that can affect domestic produce. Governments provide aid to small scale farmers and declining industries. The main focus lies in the capital accumulation and labour literacy. The administration should selectively intervene to control the inflation. Public and private sectors must be able to share the information. Extensive exports and huge foreign investments regulated by government can boost up the economy. These are the steps taken by the governments of East Asian countries that resulted in their miraculous growth. US markets also support free trade but government plays an important role as well. Agriculture sector needs aids from the government and US government provides financial

Recruitment at Jenny's Coffee Shop Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Recruitment at Jenny's Coffee Shop - Assignment Example Human resource department must always ensure that the best kind of employees with creative mind and analytical understanding of issues are hired to the organization. (Gilmore & Williams, 2009) Recruitment Plan and Strategy To get the top talent in the market and to stay ahead of the curve, it is prudent that the recruitment strategy is aligned with the business plan. The plan adopted should always ensure that it takes into consideration qualities needed for the top management, departmental management and the store level. Top Management This strategy will focus its attention on competing coffee shops around. An expertise referral will also be taken into consideration. This plan will be adopted since the managerial team requires someone with very high experience and at least has an experience in working within the Coffee shops. These talents can only be gotten from competing firms. Departmental Management Level I will employ campus recruiting since it is a level whereby we have profess ionals reinforcing departmental decisions. Individuals can also be recruited from other firms not necessarily coffee shops. This brings individuals with very good mind set who knows what should be done to ensure cohesion and success within the departments. Students can also be recruited on internship basis. ... A necessary training is necessary for the team to ensure that they understand and appreciate the quality assurance policies of the coffee shop. Communication Message Jenny's Coffee Shop is one of the shop outlets with branches across United States. We are offering varied line of beverages in our various outlets across. We are currently expanding to other regions. Jenny's Coffee Shop offers services are tailored to meet our customer’s wants. We are glad to offer exciting and challenging positions to various individuals who meet the requirements as listed below. Apart from the academic and professional qualifications as listed, the applicant must possess the following attributes Personal Attributes High level of integrity Honesty Strong analytical skills Must be able to work under minimal supervision Strong communication skills Computer knowledge is a prerequisite (Guest, 2011). Senior Manager He/she will be in charge of daily overall operations within the shop and ensure coordi nation’s within the shop. He/ She must be a holder of a university degree from a recognized institution in any business related field with a bias in management. More than three years experience in a hospitality industry is must Proven past leadership skills Departmental managers They will be in charge of different departments. Must possess a university degree in either business related field, hotel management, accounting and computer science Must possess at least one year experience within the department he/ she is applying. Barista/ Shop Assistant They will be in charge of serving customers and also preparing coffee besides other beverages Basic education is a requirement. An experience in coffee shops is an added advantage. If you are interested in any of the above